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Altos Computer Systems

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Altos Computer Systems</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: ALTO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Computer hardware</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1977 (1977)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">David G. Jackson, Roger William Vass Sr.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Acquired by <a href="Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a> in 1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, <a href="California" title="California">California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">ACS 8000, ACS 8600, ACS 68000</td></tr></tbody></table>

Altos Computer Systems was founded in 1977 by David G. Jackson and Roger William Vass Sr. It focused on small multi-user computers, starting with multi-user derivatives of <a href="CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>, and later including <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a>-based machines. In its 1982 <a href="Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> on <a href="NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a>, the company raised $59M. Thereafter the company's stock was traded under the symbol ALTO.<a href="#cite_note-EofM-1">[1]</a>

Coming under increasing pressure from competitors in the server market, such as <a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> and <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, Altos posted a $5M loss (its first ever) in the <a href="Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> ending in June, 1989.<a href="#cite_note-latime-2">[2]</a> In the aftermath, Altos was acquired by <a href="Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a> in 1990 for $94M,<a href="#cite_note-Tolentino2013-3">[3]</a> although mostly for its US distribution channels rather than its technology.<a href="#cite_note-latime-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yeung2003-4">[4]</a> Shortly before this acquisition, there were about 128,000 Altos systems installed throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-latime-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_history_and_products">Company history and products</h2></div>

According to a brief history of the company, which ran as an advertisement on their 10th anniversary, Altos Computer Systems was started by Dave Jackson in 1977 when he designed a single-board microcomputer in a room he rented on Stevens Creek Boulevard. According to this account, the company <a href="Financial_bootstrapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial bootstrapping">bootstrapped</a> itself with profitable sales from the beginning, with a revenue of $260,000 in the first year. Jackson named the company after <a href="Los_Altos_Hills%2C_California" title="Los Altos Hills, California">Los Altos Hills, California</a>, where he lived.<a href="#cite_note-histad-5">[5]</a>

In an interview from May 1979, the company's vice-president Roger Vass described the Altos' strategy at the time as selling <a href="OEM" class="mw-redirect" title="OEM">OEM</a> computer systems. Vass also said that the company's revenue had reached an annual figure of $5M that year, after 15 months of operations. The company's single-board computer product was named "Sun-Series 8000" at this point; it was based on 4-MHz <a href="Z80" class="mw-redirect" title="Z80">Z80</a> processor and shipped with 32 KB of RAM, expandable to 64 KB. Altos eschewed using the (fairly standard at the time) <a href="S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a>, but packed their board with a disk controller (which could connect up to two 8-inch <a href="Shugart_Associates" title="Shugart Associates">Shugart</a> drives), two serial and one parallel port, while also leaving room for another optional Z80 to be used as <a href="Direct_memory_access" title="Direct memory access">DMA</a> controller and an optional AMD 9511 floating-point coprocessor. As operating system, this machine could use <a href="CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> or <a href="OASIS_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="OASIS operating system">Oasis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IW1979-6">[6]</a>

In the aforementioned interview, Vass also described their plans for the company's first multi-user computer, based on a CP/M-derived executive that they called AMEX (Altos Multiuser Executive). Their new design planned to support up to four users, by providing each user with its own 48 KB of dedicated program memory (addressable by the 8-bit Z80 processor through <a href="Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">bank switching</a>), while the 16 KB of memory for the operating system's image could be shared by all users.<a href="#cite_note-IW1979-6">[6]</a> An advertisement for the "Sun-Series ACS8000-6" sold under Altos' own brand appeared in the November 1979 issue of <a href="Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a>, and indeed promised to support up to four users by means of its AMEX kernel, and supporting a maximum system memory of 208 KB.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The ACS 8000 could run at least three multi-user operating systems: Altos' own AMEX, Oasis, or <a href="MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Inc.1980-8">[8]</a> The sample code for the Banked <a href="XIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="XIOS">XIOS</a> implementation published in the MP/M II System Implementors Guide was written by Altos (and carries a disclaimer that it only works as-is with their Sun Series 8000).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

The "8000" contained in the name of Altos' first series of computer did cause some confusion in the marketplace because its name may have suggested the inclusion of the 16-bit <a href="Zilog_Z8000" title="Zilog Z8000">Zilog Z8000</a> processor, which had just been released in 1979, although Altos' ACS-8000 did not use this processor, but the older 8-bit Z80.<a href="#cite_note-Garezt_1980-10">[10]</a> A 1981 review in <a href="Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>, comparing the ACS 8000 with other multi-user systems, found that Altos' Z80 processor was underpowered, especially for CPU-intensive tasks (most other multi-user systems used 16-bit processors by then), but the ACS-8000 was found adequate for multi-user order entry systems. A configuration with a 10-MB hard-drive plus a 1-MB 8" floppy drive, bundled with a printer and one terminal was priced at $12,340 (the same machine but with four terminals was $15,625), which was considerably less than most other multi-user systems, which were typically priced in the $25,000–$50,000 range.<a href="#cite_note-Review1981-11">[11]</a> Altos thus carved for itself a niche in the low-cost multi-user systems. The lack of any expansion slots was judged however as fairly limiting.<a href="#cite_note-Review1981-11">[11]</a> Their omission, as well the omission of circuitry that would have been necessary to connect the Z80 to the industry-standard S-100 bus, which was Intel-centric (around the <a href="Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a>) was one of the reasons why the ACS-8000 could keep its cost low (relative to its epoch).<a href="#cite_note-Garezt_1980-10">[10]</a>

Alto's next major product line would indeed use a 16-bit processor, but it would be Intel's <a href="Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a>, seemingly chosen for reasons of availability both in terms of the hardware itself and of the <a href="CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a> operating system.<a href="#cite_note-Garezt_1980-10">[10]</a> The ACS-8600 series, announced in October 1980 as "ACS 16000" and launched in November 1981,<a href="#cite_note-Garezt_1980-10">[10]</a> was based on the 8086 with a <a href="Intel_8089" title="Intel 8089">8089</a> standard communications co-processor. Supported operating systems were CP/M-86, <a href="MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a>, Oasis-16, and—for the first time—<a href="Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a>. This was still a machine based on 8" disk technology, both for floppy and hard disks. The entry level unit, equipped with 128 KB RAM and a single 1-MB floppy drive was priced at $8,990 at launch, while the high end version, with 512 KB of RAM and a 40 MB hard drive launched at $18,980.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> By 1983, Altos was the leading 8086-based Unix vendor, running <a href="Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fiedler198310-13">[13]</a>

In 1982, Altos diversified its product line yet again with the introduction of the ACS68000, which was based on the <a href="Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> processor (at 8 MHz<a href="#cite_note-dhryst-14">[14]</a>) and was intended to support up to 16 users.<a href="#cite_note-histad-5">[5]</a> It shipped with <a href="Unix_System_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix System III">Unix System III</a> initially.<a href="#cite_note-dhryst-14">[14]</a> The machine was initially offered with a 40 MB disk drive (and sticker price of $14,500), while an 80-MB disk version was offered in the first quarter of 1983 (for $16,500).<a href="#cite_note-Enterprise1983-15">[15]</a> As business packages were generally lacking for the ACS 68000, it was mostly sold through OEMs rather than Altos' own dealer network.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The first version of the <a href="Oracle_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle database">Oracle database</a> which ran on Unix (version 3) was announced supporting the ACS68000 among other similar "supermicro" computers like the <a href="Tandy_Model_16" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandy Model 16">Tandy Model 16</a>, and the <a href="Fortune_32%3A16" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune 32:16">Fortune 32:16</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Inc.1983-18">[18]</a> Altos also invested in <a href="Informix_Corporation" title="Informix Corporation">Informix Corporation</a>, owning 19% of the database vendor's <a href="Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rdbmsinformix20070612-19">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_products">Subsequent products</h3></div>

Other multi-user computers:

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<ul><li>Altos 580 (1983), 5-5, and 5-15 were somewhat cheaper Z80 machines, based on 5.25" drives.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li>

<li>Altos ACS-86C, ran <a href="Altos_MS-DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="Altos MS-DOS 2.11">Altos MS-DOS 2.11</a> including a 1.95 MiB harddisk with media descriptor byte 0xF5.<a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_2014_MSDOS211-21">[21]</a></li>

<li><a href="Altos_586" title="Altos 586">Altos 586</a> (despite what its name might suggest today) used a 10 MHz <a href="Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> processor, among the fastest for a 1983 microcomputer. An <a href="Intel_8089" title="Intel 8089">8089</a> chip aided by a Z80 queuing processor supported up to eight terminals. Ran Xenix or <a href="MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The 586 had 512 KB standard memory and came with six <a href="RS-232C" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-232C">RS-232C</a> serial port and one <a href="RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>, which was intended for networking rather than terminal attachment. The Altos 986 was a variant with 1 MB RAM and four extra serial ports. <a href="3Com" title="3Com">3Com</a> developed their new <a href="Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> card for the 986 model, running Xenix 3.0 and sold as a network disk server for IBM PC, XT computers installed with 3Com Ethernet expansion cards.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li>

<li>The Altos 486 was announced in November 1984. Altos claimed it was their response to the perceived multi-user capabilities of the <a href="IBM_Personal_Computer/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal Computer/AT">IBM PC/AT</a>. The Altos 486 was however based on an 8-MHz <a href="Intel_80186" title="Intel 80186">Intel 80186</a> processor and also ran Xenix. It was however cheaper than their 586.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li>

<li>Altos 886, 1086, and 2086. Based on a <a href="Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> central processor, and intended to support 8, 10, and respectively 20 users at terminals. The 886 used a 7.5 MHz processor, while in the other two it ran at 8 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The 2086 had a zero <a href="Wait_state" title="Wait state">wait state</a> main processor. Each 10-port serial communication board had its own 8-MHz 8086. Announced in 1985. Ran Xenix 3.0.<a href="#cite_note-Enterprise1985-26">[26]</a> Unlike Altos' earlier machines, the 1086 and 2086 used a tower case.<a href="#cite_note-EofM-1">[1]</a></li>

<li>Altos 3068. Initially based on a 12 MHz Motorola <a href="Motorola_68020" title="Motorola 68020">68020</a>. Released in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Ran the <a href="Pick_operating_system" title="Pick operating system">Pick operating system</a> release 2.15<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> or Unix System V<a href="#cite_note-EofM-1">[1]</a> (<a href="SysV" class="mw-redirect" title="SysV">SysV</a><a href="#cite_note-gnu.org_2007-29">[29]</a>). This machine formed the basis of the <a href="Tandem_Computers" title="Tandem Computers">Tandem</a> LXN.</li>

<li>Altos 686 and 3086. Announced in June 1986, these were a revamping of the 286-based product line. The high-end 3086 supported up to 32 users and had 12.5 MHz processor. This faster processor was now also offered as an upgrade option for the 1086 and 2086 machines, which had a processor board. The 686 model used a 7.5 MHz processor. The company also announced some 50 layoffs due to flat sales, reducing their workforce to about 700.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li>

<li>Altos Series 2000 was their first system based on a <a href="I386" title="I386">80386</a> and was released in 1987. Ran Xenix <a href="UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">System V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> For their 386 and 486-based systems Altos later offered a rebranded version of <a href="OpenServer" title="OpenServer">SCO Unix</a>, "Altos Unix". They also offered a rebadged version of Portable <a href="NetWare" title="NetWare">NetWare</a> running on their Unix.<a href="#cite_note-Inc1990-32">[32]</a></li>

<li>In December 1988, Altos introduced an updated 68030-based product called "68x Series 030", which supported up to two 25 MHz processors. The operating system offered for this machine was still Pick.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li></ul>

Altos also sold a number of accompanying terminal models, from Altos II to Altos IV. Typically, these were <a href="VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a> compatible.<a href="#cite_note-EofM-1">[1]</a>

After it was acquired by Acer, Altos started to sell Unix servers derived from Acer products. For example, in February 1993, Altos was offering servers based on AcerPower 486e (<a href="Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a>-based) systems, but bundled with Unix.<a href="#cite_note-Inc.1993-34">[34]</a> In December of that year, Acer unified its server line with that of Altos and created its Acer Altos brand,<a href="#cite_note-ACERALTOS-35">[35]</a> which is still being commercialized as of December 2013,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> although Acer also commercialized servers under the other brands it has acquired, such as <a href="Gateway%2C_Inc." title="Gateway, Inc.">Gateway</a>, as part of its <a href="Brand#Multi-brands" title="Brand">multi-brand strategy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

<ul><li>AT&T's <a href="3B_series_computers" title="3B series computers">3B series computers</a></li>

<li><a href="Columbia_Data_Products" title="Columbia Data Products">Columbia Data Products</a></li>

<li><a href="Eagle_Computer" title="Eagle Computer">Eagle Computer</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSanchez1988" class="citation book cs1">Sanchez, Mike (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-Y0wdIIucgC&q=altos+computer+systems&pg=PA66">"Altos Computer Systems"</a>. In Kent, Allen; Williams, James G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmi12kent/page/66">Encyclopedia of Microcomputers</a>. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmi12kent/page/66">66–73</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8247-2700-2</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-latime-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latime_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-latime_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-latime_2-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFLazzareschi1990" class="citation web cs1">Lazzareschi, Carla (June 29, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-29-fi-852-story.html">"Taiwanese May Acquire Altos Computer"</a>. Los Angeles Times.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Tolentino2013-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Tolentino2013_3-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPaz_Estrella_Tolentino2013" class="citation book cs1">Paz Estrella Tolentino (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I5BKkxpij5YC&pg=PA239">Multinational Corporations: Emergence and Evolution</a>. Routledge. p. 239. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-134-75905-7</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Yeung2003-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Yeung2003_4-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHenry_Wai-Chung_Yeung2003" class="citation book cs1">Henry Wai-Chung Yeung (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sHJP8f23FP8C&pg=PA113">Chinese Capitalism in a Global Era: Towards a Hybrid Capitalism</a>. Routledge. p. 113. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-134-39050-2</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-histad-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-histad_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-histad_5-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R6wZWOZAFKsC&pg=PT107">"Altos advertisement"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. Computerworld: 107–108. June 1, 1987. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-IW1979-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IW1979_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IW1979_6-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DT0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA7">"We sell tools & languages for the OEM"</a>. InfoWorld. The Intelligent Machines Journal: 7. May 9, 1979. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224180126/http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/tag/1979">"BYTE, November 1979, p.21"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/tag/1979">the original</a> on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Inc.1980-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Inc.1980_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WT4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6">"Altos—AMEX or MP/M?"</a>. InfoWorld: seven. April 14, 1980. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/digitalResearch/mpm_II/MPM_II_System_Implementors_Guide_Aug82.pdf">MPM II System Implementors Guide</a>, Appendix E, p. 99

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<li id="cite_note-Review1981-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Review1981_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review1981_11-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5J8xB4YbMTkC&pg=PA21">"Low-Cost ACS8000-10 Has Multiuser Capacity"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. Computerworld: 21. October 5, 1981. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94T9BTjdzT0C&pg=RA1-PA17">"Altos Unveils 16-Bit Micros With Unix, 1M-Byte Memory"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. Computerworld: 49–50. November 23, 1981. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-fiedler198310-13"><a href="#cite_ref-fiedler198310_13-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFiedler,_Ryan1983" class="citation news cs1">Fiedler, Ryan (October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-10/1983_10_BYTE_08-10_UNIX#page/n133/mode/2up">"The Unix Tutorial / Part 3: Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace"</a>. BYTE. p. 132. Retrieved January 30, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-dhryst-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dhryst_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dhryst_14-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141202093953/http://wiretap.area.com/Gopher/Library/Techdoc/Bench/dhryst.txt">"DHRYSTONE 1.1 BENCHMARK SUMMARY SORTED BY MANUFACTURER"</a>. September 21, 1987. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiretap.area.com/Gopher/Library/Techdoc/Bench/dhryst.txt">the original</a> on December 2, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Enterprise1983-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Enterprise1983_15-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIDG_Enterprise1983" class="citation journal cs1">IDG Enterprise (May 9, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X_o3RYqR1x0C&pg=RA2-PA64">"Computerworld"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. IDG Enterprise: 2–. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h3dVAAAAMAAJ&q=Altos+ACS68000">"UNIX Review"</a>. 1983.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFValdes1983" class="citation journal cs1">Valdes, Marie (February 22, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.oreillystatic.com/radar/r1/02-83.pdf">"DBMS AND THE WORKSTATION: ORACLE GETS CLOSE"</a> (PDF). The Rosen Electronics Letter. New York, NY: Rosen Research, Inc. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0737-6677">0737-6677</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9429905">9429905</a> – via O'Reilly Media.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Inc.1983-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Inc.1983_18-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFInfoWorld_Media_Group,_Inc.1983" class="citation journal cs1">InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (February 21, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-S8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3">"InfoWorld"</a>. InfoWorld: The Newspaper for the Microcomputing Community. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 3–. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-rdbmsinformix20070612-19"><a href="#cite_ref-rdbmsinformix20070612_19-0">^</a> <cite class="citation interview cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102702566-05-01-acc.pdf">"RDBMS Workshop: Informix"</a> (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Luanne Johnson. Computer History Museum. June 12, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Icuq-8CViD4C&pg=RA1-PA61">"Business-Oriented System Offers Multiuser Capability"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. Computerworld: 61. January 31, 1983. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Microsoft_2014_MSDOS211-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_2014_MSDOS211_21-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft2013" class="citation web cs1">Microsoft (December 19, 2013) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/microsoft-research-license-agreement-msdos-v1-1-v2-0/">"Microsoft DOS V1.1 and V2.0 /msdos/v20source/HRDDRV.ASM and SKELIO.ASM"</a>. <a href="Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2014.</cite> (NB. While the publishers claim this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is <a href="SCP_MS-DOS_1.25" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP MS-DOS 1.25">SCP MS-DOS 1.25</a> as well as <a href="TeleVideo_PC_DOS_2.11" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11">TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11</a> with an example BIOS for the Altos ACS-86C.)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0C8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA89">"Review: Altos 586"</a>. <a href="InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>: 89–90. November 7, 1983. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1985-03-rescan">System review: The Altos 586 with the Xenix Development System</a>, BYTE, March 1985, pp. 247-252

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pS4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27">"News Briefs: Altos responds to IBM"</a>. InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 27 November 19, 1984. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49">"Multiuser systems offered"</a>. InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 49 November 11, 1985. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Enterprise1985-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Enterprise1985_26-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0sNDKMzgG8gC&pg=PA7">"Altos extends supermicro line with multiuser system"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. Computerworld: 7. June 3, 1985. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4C4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25">"Altos Goes After New Markets"</a>. InfoWorld: 25. June 10, 1985. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MTwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA23">"Altos 3068 Supermicro To Support 120 Users"</a>. InfoWorld: 23. March 23, 1987. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-gnu.org_2007-29"><a href="#cite_ref-gnu.org_2007_29-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070706084602/https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/MACHINES">"Emacs machines list"</a>. GNU.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/MACHINES">the original</a> on July 6, 2007.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIDG_Enterprise1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="IDG_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="IDG Enterprise">IDG Enterprise</a> (June 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Prl9-uRGaAgC">"Computerworld"</a>. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. IDG Enterprise: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Prl9-uRGaAgC/page/n3">4</a>–. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15">"Expandable 386 System Handles 20 to 60 Users. Altos offers multiuser series"</a>. InfoWorld: 15. May 25, 1987. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Inc1990-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Inc1990_32-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIDG_Network_World_Inc1990" class="citation journal cs1">IDG Network World Inc (September 10, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ghEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31">"Network World"</a>. Network World: The Leader in Network Knowledge. IDG Network World Inc: 31–. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0887-7661">0887-7661</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EToEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT36">"Altos Rolls Out 68030 System With Pick OS"</a>. InfoWorld: 36. December 5, 1988. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Inc.1993-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Inc.1993_34-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFInfoWorld_Media_Group,_Inc.1993" class="citation journal cs1">InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (February 22, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vjsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA29">"InfoWorld"</a>. InfoWorld: The Newspaper for the Microcomputing Community. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 29–. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ACERALTOS-35"><a href="#cite_ref-ACERALTOS_35-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCBR_Staff_Writer1993" class="citation web cs1">CBR Staff Writer (December 13, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techmonitor.ai/hardware/acer_finally_unifies_altos_computer_systemslines_with_its_own_creating_the_aceraltos_series?utm_content=EP/th/ecommerce-reviews/yotpo-reviews-and-pricing">"ACER FINALLY UNIFIES ALTOS COMPUTER SYSTEMS LINES WITH ITS OWN, CREATING THE ACERALTOS SERIES"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140216153611/http://www.pcpro.co.uk/reviews/servers/386044/acer-altos-r380-f2">"Acer Altos R380 F2 review"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcpro.co.uk/reviews/servers/386044/acer-altos-r380-f2">the original</a> on February 16, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/Print/2009/12/01/acer_smb_hpc/">"Acer embiggens server and storage range • The Register"</a>. www.theregister.com.</cite>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/7012/Altos-Model-5-15ED/">Altos Model 5-15ED - Computer - Computing History</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/altos-mpm/">DigiBarn Systems: Altos MP/M multi-user CP/M System and Altos 886 System</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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